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| Star
Clusters |
Many
stars occur in associations called "star clusters".
Astronomers divide star clusters into two broad categories: Open Clusters
(also called Galactic Clusters), in which there are a few (typically tens
to thousands of) young stars that formed together and are loosely bound by
gravity and
individual stars are easily resolved. The other category is the Globular Clusters.
Globular Clusters are huge, dense spherical balls containing many more stars (typically 100,000 to 1,000,000), grouped together in a region
300 or so light years in diameter. Globular clusters are very old, having
existed since soon after the galaxy was formed approximately ten billion years
ago. and in which the central density is sufficiently high that we can not
resolve individual stars from earth-based telescopes. The Pleiades in the
constellation Taurus are the most famous example. Globular clusters can be
observed with the naked eye, or binoculars, and look like hazy mothballs.
When observed through a telescope, hundreds of the myriad stars which make
up the globular cluster can be observed.
The
following images show examples of these two types.
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The
Pleiades Star Cluster.
Picture Credit: Mount Wilson Observatory.
The Pleiades star cluster, M45, is one of the brightest star clusters
visible in the northern hemisphere. It consists of many bright, hot stars
that were all formed at the same time within a large cloud of interstellar
dust and gas. The blue haze that accompanies them is due to very fine
dust which still remains and preferentially reflects the blue light from
the stars. |
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Globular
Cluster M5.
Credit: Anglo-Australian
Telescope
Photograph by David Malin
Copyright: Anglo-Australian
Telescope Board The globular cluster M5, pictured on the left, contains
roughly 100,000 stars. These stars formed together and are gravitationally
bound. Stars orbit the center of the cluster, and the cluster orbits the
center of our Galaxy. So far, about 160 globular clusters are known to
exist in a roughly spherical halo around the Galactic center. Globular
clusters do not appear spherically distributed as viewed from the Earth,
and this fact was a key point in the determination that our Sun is not
at the center of our Galaxy. Globular clusters are very old. There is
a straightforward method of determining their age, and this provides a
very interesting lower limit on the age of our universe of about 14 billion
years |
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